This course includes laboratory experiments for fifth and sixth semester BSc Physics.
Fermat’s Principle, verification of laws of reflection and refraction 2 Hours [Sections 2.1 to 2.6 of Brijlal, Subramaniyam, & Avadhanuluand Sections 3.1 to 3.2 ofAjoyGhatak]
Refraction and reflection by spherical surfaces : 3 Hours Refraction and reflection at a single spherical surfaces. The thin lens, The Principal Foci, and Focal length of a lens, The Newton formula, Lateral magnification.
[Sections 4.1 to 4.7 of Ajoy Ghatak]
Unit 2
2. Interference by division of wave front 6 Hours Superposition of two sinusoidal waves, Interference, coherence ,conditions for interference, the interference patterns, intensity distribution .Fresnel‟s two mirror arrangement, Fresnel's Biprism, Determination of λ and dλ of Sodium Light
[Sections 14.1 to 14.4, 14.6 to 14.9 of Brijlal, Subramaniyam, & Avadhanulu, and Sections 14.1 to 14.8 of Ajoy Ghatak. Additional problems should be done from chapter 7 of Introduction to Optics by Frank.L,Pedrotti,Leno M Pedrotti and Leno S Pedrotti.]
3. Interference by division of amplitude 8 Hours
Interference by a plane film illuminated by a plane wave, cosine law, non reflecting films (the subsections excluded), interference by a film with two nonparallel reflecting surfaces, colours of thin films, Newton‟s rings, The Michelson interferometer, white light fringes-
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[Sections 15.1 to 15.4,15.7, 15.9, 15.11 of Ajoy Ghatak, and Sections 2.1 to 2.6 of Brijlal, Subramaniyam, &Avadhanulu. Additional problems should be done from chapter 7 of Introduction to Optics by Frank.L,Pedrotti, Leno M Pedrotti and Leno S Pedrotti.]
Unit 3
4. Fraunhofer Diffraction 10 Hours Preliminaries, single slit diffraction pattern, diffraction by circular aperture, limit of resolution, two slit Fraunhofer diffraction pattern, N slit diffraction pattern, plane diffraction grating, resolving power.
[Sections 18.1 to 18.3, 18.5 to 18.8 of Ajoy Ghatak. Additional problems should be done from chapters 11 and 12 of Introduction to Optics by Frank.L,Pedrotti, Leno M Pedrotti and Leno S Pedrotti.]
5. Fresnel Diffraction 3 Hours Preliminaries, Fresnel half period zones, explanation of rectilinear propagation of light, zone plate [Sections 20.1 to 20.3 of Ajoy Ghatak]
Unit 4 8 Hours 6. Polarization
Huygene‟s explanation of double refraction, positive and negative uniaxial crystals, quarter and half wave plates, types of polarized light, production and analysis of plane, circularly and elliptically polarized light, optical activity, Laurentz half shade polarimeter
[Sections 20.9,20.17 to 20.20,20.24 of Brijlal, Subramaniyam, & Avadhanulu and corresponding sections of Ajoy Ghatak]
Unit 5 6 Hours 7. Holography
Principles of holography, theory of construction and reconstruction of Hologram, Applications of Holography. [Sections 23.1 to 23.6 of Brijlal, Subramaniyam, &Avadhanulu and Sections 21.1 to 21.4 of Ajoy Ghatak]
Unit 6 8 Hours 8. Fibre Optics
Optical fibre, Numerical aperture, step index fibre, pulse dispersion, graded index fibre, fibre optic sensors.
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[Sections 27.4, 27.7, 27.10, 27.12 of Ajoy Ghatak and corresponding sections from Brijlal, Subramaniyam, & Avadhanulu]
Transient currents                                               7 hours Max marks 20
Growth and decay of current in LR and CR circuits – measurement of high resistance by
leakage – growth of charge and discharge of a capacitor through LCR circuit – theory of
BG – experiment to determine charge sensitiveness of BG using a standard condenser and
HMS.
 (Sections 12.1 to 12.6, 10.10 to 10.13 and section 11.14 of Electricity and magnetism by
R. Murugeshan)
4. AC circuits                                                                                12 hours Max marks 27
AC through L, C, R, LC, CR, LR and LCR – resonance and resonant circuits – repulsion
between coil and conductor – j operators, application to AC circuits – AC bridges –
Anderson and Rayleigh bridge.
(Sections 22.1, 22.2, 22.3, 22.6, 22.7, 22.10, 22.11, 22.13, 22.18 to 22.22.1, 22.23 of
Core Course –IX 72 hours (Credit – 4)
PH5 B09: ELECTRONICS (ANALOG & DIGITAL)
UNIT I
1. Semiconductor rectifiers and DC Power supplies 8 hours. Max marks 15
Preliminaries of rectification, Bridge rectifier, Efficiency, Nature of rectified output,
Ripple factor, different types of filter circuits, voltage multipliers, Zener diode voltage
stabilization (sections 6.13-6.15, 6.17 - 6.27 V.K Mehta)
2. Transistors: 14 hours Max marks 27
Different transistor amplifier configurations:- C-B, C-E, C-C, their characteristics,
amplification factors, their relationships, Load line Analysis, Expressions for voltage gain,
current gain and power gain of C.E amplifier, cut-off and saturation points, Transistor
biasing, Different types of biasing - Base resistor, voltage divider bias method, single stage
transistor amplifier circuit, load line analysis, DC and AC equivalent circuits. (Section 8.7
- 8.10, 8.12-8.22, 9.2-9.8, 9.11-9.12, 10.4-10.5, 10.7-10.9 V K Mehta)
3. Multistage Transistor amplifier 4 hours Max marks 10
R.C coupled amplifier- frequency response, and gain in decibels, Transformer coupled
Amplifiers,Direct Coupled Amplifier,Comparison.
(Section 11.1-11.8, VK Mehta)
4. Feedback Circuits and Oscillators 8 hours Max marks 12
Basic principles of feedback, negative feedback and its advantages, positive feedback
circuits Oscillatory Circuits-LC, RC oscillators, tuned collector oscillator, Hartley,
Colpitt’s, phase shift and crystal oscillators - their expressions for frequency.
Sections (13.1-13.5, 14.1 - 14.13, 14.15-14.20 VK Mehta)
5. Special Devices and Opamp 12 hours Max marks 18
LED, basic idea of UJT, FET, MOSFET, OP-amp-basic operation,
application, inverting, Non-inverting, summing amplifiers, Differentiator integrator.
(Sections 7.2-7.4, 19.2-19.14, 19.14, 19.27-19.30, 21.11-21.14, 25.1, 25.16, 25.15-
25.17,25.23-25.26, 25.32, 25.34-25.35, 25.37 VK Mehta)